Pashto is a bilingual/biannual refereed research journal published by the Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar. It is recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under Z category. It publishes papers in Pashto and English on Pashto language, literature, history, art and culture. Editorial Board Members (International): Prof. Dr. Mujawar Ahmad Zyar, Ph.D Linguist, Writer, & Poet, 46 Leiden Road, Wood Farm, Oxford, United Kingdom Prof. Dr. Zarghoona Rishteen Zewar, Ph.D Department of Literature & Linguistics, University of Nangarhar, Jalalabad, Afghanistan Dr. Daud Azmi, Ph.D, Mashal Radio, Prague, Czech Republic Dr. Muhammad Ajan Haqpal, Ph.D Chairman, Department of Pashto, University of Kabul, Afghanistan Dr. Syed Muhideen Hashmi, Ph.D Department of Pashto, University of Kabul, Afghanistan Dr. Umme Adeel Ph.D Faculty member, South Asia Study Department, University of Pennsylvania, USA Anders Widmark, Researcher, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University, Sweden Prof. Lutz Rzehak, Ph.D, Central Asia Department, Humboldt University, Berin, Germany Prof. Khalil Ullah Ormar, Ph.D Head, Old Languages Department, Academy Science of Afghanistan Editorial Board Members (National): Prof. Dr. Waqar Ali Shah, Ph.D Quaid-e- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Salma Shaheen, Ph.D Former Director, Pashto Academy, Peshawar Prof. Dr. Fazal ur Rahim Marwat, Ph.D Vice-Chancellor, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda Prof. Dr. Yar Muhammad Maghmoom, Ph.D Member, Public Service Commission, Peshawar Prof. Dr. Khalid Khan Khattak, Ph.D Sarhad University, Peshawar Prof. Dr. Pervaiz Mahjoor Khweshki, Ph.D Pakhtoonkhwa Studies Centre, Bacha Khan University Charsadda Prof. Dr. Hidayat Ullah Dr. Abdullah Jan Abid, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Dr. Badshah-e-Room, Ph.D Chairman Dept. of Pashto, University of Malakand Dr. Javed Iqbal, Ph.D Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Pashto, University of Balochistan, Quetta Other Staff members: Shahid Ali Shah (Publication Officer), Irshad Khan (Pashto Composing), Muhammad Arif Javed (English Composing), Adnan Khan (Proof-Reader) ISSN: 0555-8158 Subscription Rate: Rs. 500 / annum or Rs. 200 per copy for domestic subscription. $ 20 / annum or $ 10 per copy for international subscription. Costs exclude delivery charges Guidelines for Contributors: Pashto, Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar welcomes papers in English and Pashto on Pashto language, literature, history, art, Folk and culture. Manuscripts should not exceed 8000 words (including end notes and references). Quotations from foreign texts must be translated in the body of the paper, and accompanied by the original in the endnotes. The author's name, e-mail and mailing addresses and institutional affiliation should appear on a separate title page. Each paper in Pashto is to be preceded by 200 worded abstract in English. Submission for consideration for publication in Pashto, 2 hard copies and a soft copy, may please be mailed to the Editor. Pashto publishes one single-authored paper, two co-authored and a single authored and a co-authored paper by the same author per number. Papers must be in accordance with the MLA style. In connection with the selection of topics for Pashto journal, it should be noted that preference will be given to topics i.e. Pashto Language & Literature, Pashtoon Culture, Civilization, History, Geography and Folklore. More than two articles on the same subject in the same issue of Pashto Journal are not allowed. Those articles written by Joint authors, the first author is required to provide written proof of the contribution of second author in the said article