Abstract

Zoonotic infections transferred from pets to humans constitute an escalating public health issue exacerbated by the surge in pet ownership worldwide, especially in urban environments. Companion animals operate as reservoirs for several diseases, including viruses, germs, and parasites, which can be transmitted to humans, presenting substantial dangers to animal and human health. This review examines the transmission dynamics, prevention, and treatment techniques associated with zoonotic diseases in companion animals, focusing on the influence of veterinary practices, environmental factors, and human-animal interactions. The main aim of this review is to consolidate existing knowledge, pinpoint significant gaps in the field, and offer insights into successful techniques for managing zoonotic risks linked to pets. The review examines trends and conclusions from recent studies, concentrating on growing zoonotic hazards and the efficacy of preventative methods, including immunization, parasite management, and veterinary surveillance. Literature indicates substantial disparities in zoonotic disease prevalence influenced by regional, social, and environmental factors. Urbanization is a significant component in the proliferation of zoonotic illnesses, as high pet populations and heightened human-animal interactions intensify transmission risks. Moreover, despite advancements in veterinary diagnostics and therapies enhancing the management of zoonoses, there persists a necessity for stronger integration of One Health strategies and more focused research in resource-limited environments. This review culminates in recommendations for future research, specifically regarding the influence of cultural practices on pet care, the effects of climate change on zoonotic transmission, and the significance of cross-sector collaboration in public health and veterinary domains.