Abstract

This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of Teucrium species that are effective in the management of different conditions in human and animal. Embase, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar and IranMedex databases were searched up to 11th May 2009. The search terms were Teucrium or germander or Calpoureh. All of the human and animal studies considered the effects of Teucrium with the key outcome of change in blood glucose, serum lipids, anti-oxidant parameters, hepatic enzymes, anti-inflammation, analgesic effects, anti-ulcer effects anti-microbial effect and toxic effects were included. Studies performed on cell lines, in vitro studies, reviews and letters to editors were excluded. Of initial search, 7325 record were reviewed for inclusion or exclusion in study. Finally, 68 studies were included. Some animal and one human study showed hypoglycemic effects of Teucrium. In one animal study, Teucrium decreased serum cholesterol and triglyceride in hyper-lipidemic rats. Some studies indicated anti-oxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Teucrium. According to histopathological and biochemical evidences, high doses or long-term administration of Teucrium may induce progressive impairment of neuromuscular coordination and reversible or irreversible hepatic damage. Teucrium has antidiabetic effect by enhancing secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The flavonoids and sterols are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Isolation and characterization of Teucrium constituents is suggested to reach suitable drugs.