Abstract

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a critical health concern globally, causing significant morbidity, especially in low-resource settings. Factors such as poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and suboptimal hygiene practices contribute to their spread. These infections are known to disproportionately affect children in underdeveloped regions, leading to chronic health issues and impeding socio-economic development.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children presenting with diarrhea in the Dir Lower district of Pakistan and to analyze the distribution of these infections across different age groups and genders. The study also sought to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards diarrhea management among mothers of affected children.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in THQ hospitals in Samarbagh, Dir Lower. Stool samples were collected from 350 children under surveillance, with 150 positive cases identified for further analysis between October and December 2023. Stool Routine Examination (RE) and microscopy were the primary diagnostic techniques used. Ethical considerations adhered to the Helsinki Declaration. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Out of 350 children surveyed, 38% (n=112) tested positive for at least one intestinal parasite. Giardia lamblia (47.32%) and Entamoeba histolytica (23.21%) were the most prevalent protozoa. The helminths Ascaris lumbricoides (4.46%) and Hymenolepis nana (9.82%) were also detected. The highest incidence of IPIs was among females (78 cases) and children under four years (61 cases).
Conclusion: The study confirmed a high prevalence of IPIs among children with diarrhea in Dir Lower, with Giardia lamblia being the most common parasite. The findings underscore the need for improved public health strategies focusing on sanitation and hygiene education, especially in young children and females.